1、 Planting methods
1. Seed selection
The varieties with strong disease resistance, good color, high spicy degree and high yield potential were selected as planting objects.
2. Seedling raising
(1) Select seedbed
① The plot with leeward and sunny, flat terrain, convenient irrigation, deep and fertile soil layer, good permeability and rich organic matter was selected as the nursery land.
② It is required that the previous crops in the nursery field should not be tomato, eggplant, potato and pepper.
(2) Prepare nutritious soil
In general, 1 kg NPK compound fertilizer, 100 g Carbendazim and 100 g trichlorfon should be added to every cubic meter of nutrient soil, and then they should be fully mixed to prevent root burning.
(3) Bowl loading
① The prepared nutritive soil should be put into the nutritive bowl according to the way of upper loose and lower solid. The soil surface should be 2 cm away from the bowl mouth, and the size of nutritive bowl is 10 cm × 8 cm.
② After loading the nutrient soil, put the nutrient bowl on the seedbed neatly.
Planting technology and management of industrial pepper
(4) Seed treatment
① Seed drying: the seeds were dried for 2 days to improve the germination rate.
② Soaking: soak the dried seeds in 60 ℃ warm water for 15 minutes, stir them continuously, then soak the seeds in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 15 minutes. After soaking, wash the seed coat and mucus with clean water (soaking for about 8 hours in winter), and finally drain the water.
③ Germination: spread the seeds on clean and moist cotton cloth, roll them and moisten them with plastic bags, then put them in the dark environment of 30 ℃. In the process of germination, open the cotton bag and turn the seeds every day so that the seeds can be ventilated and heated evenly. After 4-5 days, 70% of the seeds can be sown.
(5) Sowing
① In the middle of January, the seedlings were raised in the way of big shed covered with small arch shed. When the minimum temperature in the shed was more than 12 ℃, the seedlings could be sown.
② The amount of seed used per mu is generally 8 g, but considering that it may be necessary to supplement seedlings in the future, the amount of seed used can be increased by 10%.
③ When sowing, the naked seeds are mixed into the nutrient soil or fine fire ash (the dosage is 1-2 times of the seed volume), and then they are sown on the seedbed which is watered with water. The same seedbed can be sown many times to achieve the purpose of uniform sowing.
④ After sowing, the nutrient soil mixed with Carbendazim and trichlorfon should be used as the covering soil (to prevent the occurrence of Damping off disease), and the covering thickness should be 0.8-1 cm. After that, the arch frame was built with arch rods of 2.5 meters in length, with an interval of 80-120 cm. Finally, the plastic film was fastened to achieve the effect of warming and moisturizing, so as to avoid “wearing a hat”.
3. Colonization
When 2 cotyledons to 2 true leaves grow from the seedlings, they are transplanted into the nutrition bowl. After 8-14 true leaves grow from the seedlings, they are transplanted into the field.
Planting technology and management of industrial pepper
2、 Management methods
1. Seedbed management
(1) According to the principle of “three high and three low”, the plastic film should be opened and closed scientifically and reasonably in order to control the temperature of pepper in each growth stage.
(2) The principle of watering quantity is “sufficient, but not wet”. If necessary, make up water or reduce humidity. If the humidity is relatively high, fine dry soil can be sifted on the bed surface when there is no water drop on the seedlings. If the bed soil is relatively dry, a watering pot can be used to spray water on it. The amount of water spraying can keep the soil moist.
2. Planting management
(1) When ridging, 2000 kg of high-quality rotten farm manure, 50 kg of special nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer for pepper and 10 kg of boron fertilizer were applied per mu.
(2) After soil preparation, on the basis of applying enough base fertilizer, furrow and ridge should be opened according to the specifications of 80 cm wide ridge bottom, 50-70 cm wide ditch bottom and 30 cm high ridge, and covered with silver gray film.
(3) In the first ten days of April, the seedlings should be transplanted and planted in time, and the spacing between plants and rows is generally 80 cm × 150 cm, 600-660 plants per mu. When planting, the holes should be drilled according to the above plant spacing, and then the fixed root water should be poured. When the water infiltration is 2 / 3, the seedlings should be transplanted into the hole with soil, and finally covered with soil (buried to the junction of root and stem).
(4) After planting, the seedlings should be watered in time in dry weather. After the door pepper fruit, do a good job of flower and fruit protection. According to the principle of “harvest once, topdressing once”, foliar fertilizer can be sprayed in time after each harvest to improve the yield per mu.
(5) In case of ponding in the field, drain water in time. Foliar fertilizer was supplemented for the plants at flowering stage.
(6) When the lateral branch begins to bear fruit, it is necessary to do a good job of protecting the branch. Generally, the pile and rope can be nailed at the two ends and the middle of the ridge, or the silver gray film can be broken, and the soil should be properly cultivated, which can also achieve the effect of protecting the branch. It should be noted that compound fertilizer should be applied once before soil cultivation.
Planting technology and management of industrial pepper
3. Pest control
(1) Viral diseases
The disease is mainly caused by prevention. Generally, it can be sprayed with 1000-2000 times liquid of virus fast, or 20% A500-700 and 20% times 500 times.
(2) Epidemic disease
In general, 77.2% folic water 800 times liquid or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 times liquid can be sprayed, 1 times per 7-8 days, and 2-3 times continuously.
(3) Aphids
The disease can be sprayed by 10% imidacloprid or 2.5% deltamethrin EC wettable powder 2000-3000 times.
(4) Liriomyza sativae
Spray with 20% spots and 1500-2000 times liquid to prevent spray.
Planting technology and management of industrial pepper
4. Timely harvest
The fresh pepper should have bright color (ripe red), green pepper and rotten pepper are generally difficult to sell.